For people who cannot participate in the Passover sacrifice in its time (for example: they came in contact with a corpse, perhaps in the battlefield), they can partake exactly a month later. Moses brought the question to Ha'Shem who responded by allowing for a second Passover. See Numbers 9:6-7.
The 50 days from Passover to Shavuouth are counted using sheaves of wheat. This is a period of contemplation before receiving the Torah at Mt. Sinai and usually a time during which there are no celebrations. It is also associated with a plague that killed 24,000 of Rabbi Akiva's students. However, on the 33rd day, none of Akiva's students died, so it became a day of celebration. Also, it is associated with the anniversary of the death of Rabbi Simon Bar Yochai, the author of the Zohar, the original book on Kabbalism (Jewish mysticism). In Israel, bonfires are set in memory of Bar Yochai.
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